By Julio César Guanche
I have read several questions about why the National Bureau of the UJC is the one who decides to «free» Armando Franco Senén from the position of director of Alma Mater, when that magazine is an organ of the FEU, not of the UJC.
Alma Mater was founded as a magazine of the Federation of Students of the University of Havana, an organization that this year, under the name of University Student Federation, celebrates its 100th anniversary. Both the magazine and the organization are central institutions in Cuban political history.
The work that Armando Franco did with that publication in the last period is to be celebrated for several reasons within the panorama of the Cuban state press, but his dismissal poses problems beyond journalism.
It is a problem with history.
Towards the end of the 1960s, during the period of «Revolutionary Provisionalism» (1959-1976), the mass organizations became direct extensions of the then called Revolutionary Government, an entity that concentrated constitutional, legislative and executive functions.
In this process, the FEU practically merged with the UJC and the unions virtually disappeared, through files such as «the advanced workers’ movement».
The failure of the 1970 harvest led to criticism of the «voluntarism» and the personalist leadership scheme that made it possible. The mergers of organizations and the loss of their own identity were questioned. A key process in this change was the 13th Congress of the CTC in 1973.
The role given to the unions from then on was a reference for the rest of the mass organizations. To a certain extent, the «centralizing excesses» of the 1960s were corrected: the FEU and the UJC were more clearly separated and the unions would defend a function of «counterpart» of the administration.
From then on, the existence of «relative autonomy», or «organic independence», was declared for the mass organizations. It is a principle that is declared valid to this day.
Specifically, the FEU would have «organic independence» while subordinating itself to the PCC -on which the entire Cuban political system depends- and more directly to the UJC.
A document of the VII Congress of the FEU (2006) puts it this way: «The FEU, in correspondence with its principles, its traditions and its history, is an organically independent organization, which has as its primary mission the defense and construction of the Socialist Revolution. Its vanguard organization is the Young Communist League, whose political leadership it openly and consciously recognizes for the achievement of its objectives.»
The coexistence between the principles of «organic independence» and «open and conscious» recognition of the leadership of the PCC (of the UJC in the case of the FEU) has been a stony nucleus -irreformable- of the Cuban political system up to now. In this scheme, there is nothing «strange» in the fact that it is the UJC who decides on Alma Mater.
In my opinion, both principles present an insurmountable contradiction. It is a strict legacy of «Soviet Marxism» which never offered democratic solutions for any political system within the then called «socialist camp».
The way «organic independence» can work is to «openly and consciously» recognize full autonomy to the FEU. The «open and conscious» leadership that the FEU should recognize is that of its own political community: the university students as a whole.
This would be, it seems to me, the most worthy tribute to the FEU in its centenary.
(Translated by Walter Lippmann)
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